molliemao愛的小小羊圈。

先看原文：有空再翻囉～

來源：http://newideas.net/adhd/attend

ADHD Medication in ADHD Medication

There is no shortage of choices when it comes to ADHD medication.

提到ADHD與治療方法，藥物的選擇從來沒少過。

 Ritalin利他能, Ritalina, Rilatine, Ritalin LA, Attenta, Concerta專司達, Metadate, Methylin, Rubifen, Focalin, and Daytrana are each ADHD medication made from some form of the stimulant Methylphenidate.

 這些藥物有些是中樞神經興奮劑的形式。

 Amphetamine based medications include Adderall, Dexedrine, Desoxyn, and Vyvanse (a prodrug).

 以上這些藥物為甲基安非他命的形式。

 Strattera is the only non-stimulant ADHD medication approved by the FDA for ADHD treatment. Strattera is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, basically an antidepressant.

斯特拉特拉 是唯一被FDA批准用於ADHD治療的非興奮劑過動症藥物。是一種去甲腎上腺素再攝取的抑製劑，基本上是抗抑鬱藥。

 Each ADHD medication will be discussed in detail in the articles below. Most of them carry the FDA's "Black Box Warning" Labels and should be used cautiously.

每個過動症藥物將在下面的文章詳細討論。這些藥大部分附帶 FDA的“黑框警告”標籤，應慎重的使用。

 Stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate have been around for over 60 years. In the Second World War the German army used amphetamines so that the soldiers could march all night and fight all day.

興奮劑，如安非他命和中樞神經興奮劑已經出現了超過 60年。在第二次世界大戰時，德國軍隊使用安非他命，使戰士徹夜行軍，白天還能打仗一整天。

Medications such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, Concerta, and ADDerall, are derived from one of these two general classes of stimulants. Overall, they work very well, and probably 75% of those who try them will benefit.

藥物如：利他能，苯丙胺，專司達，和藥物 Adderall，都源於這兩大類的興奮劑。整體的來說，它們的功效非常好，大概75％服用的人都受益。

Stimulants used for ADHD work by increasing both blood flow and the levels of Dopamine in the brain, especially the frontal lobes where the brain’s Executive Functions take place.

 興奮劑用於 ADHD的功效：增加大腦中血液的流動和在多巴胺的濃度。 尤其是出現在大腦額葉的執行運作。

They also enhance the inhibitory systems of the brain by enhancing Serotonin and Norepinephrine levels.

它們藉由加強血清素和正腎上腺素強化大腦的抑制系統。

  They do not work by having some mystical "opposite effect" on children.

 藥物不會在小孩身上出現一些神秘的（不能解釋的吧？）反效果。

 There is an unbelievable amount of research done on children and Ritalin. We have heard that Ritalin is the most widely studied medication prescribed to children in the world, and we would not dispute that claim. It seems that every doctoral candidate writing his dissertation for psychology does something with Ritalin.

對兒童和利他能的研究有非常多的數據做出來了。我們已知利他能是最廣泛研究來的給兒童界的處方藥物。我們不否認這種說法。似乎每個博士生都為利他能的心理效用在寫論文。

 Stimulants, whether Ritalin or the amphetamines such as Dexedrine or ADDerall, all have benefits for children and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

 興奮劑，無論是利他能或安非他命等中樞神經興奮劑或藥物 Adderall，都有益於兒童和成人過動症。

 Stimulant medication for ADHD will increase the brain’s ability to inhibit itself. This allows the brain to focus on the right thing at the right time, and to be less distracted, and less impulsive. Stimulants increase the “signal to noise ratio” in the brain.

ADHD的興奮劑藥物會提高大腦本身的抑制能力。 這使得大腦把焦點放在在適當的時間作正確的事情，並可以減少分心，少衝動。興奮劑增加在大腦中的“信噪比/噪音訊號比”（台灣譯為噪音訊號比或噪訊比，大陸則譯為信雜比或訊雜比，屬電子工程(EE)領域的專有名詞。噪訊比是將信號功率與雜訊功率進行比較而得的比例，或是信號功率與雜訊功率比後的平方值。）

 They will also increase both gross motor co-ordination and fine motor control. For several years the sales brochure for Ritalin simply had pictures of children’s handwriting before Ritalin, and with 10 mg of Ritalin in their system. The changes were dramatic, and physicians wrote a lot of prescriptions for Ritalin.

它們還將同時增加粗大運動協調和精細動作的控制。 幾年來，利他能的販售夾頁簡單的以服用利他能前兒童的筆跡照片，與服用利他能10毫克後，在兒童的運作系統有了戲劇性的變化，醫生於是就開出很多利他能處方。

There are many charges that Ritalin is “over-prescribed” in America. But if those charges are true, it is only because Ritalin actually works! If it didn’t work, sometimes dramatically, it wouldn’t be “over-prescribed.”

在美國，有很多的指控是：利他能已被過度（濫開）處方。但是如果指控成真不過是因為利他能真的有效！如果沒有效果，它不會被過度處方！

But are we great advocates for the use of stimulant medication for ADHD?

不過，我們是否就此提倡使用利他能呢？

No. At least not as the first treatment to try.

不。至少它不是一開始的選擇。

We would prefer that parents try the nutritional medicines like ATTEND and Extress, and our ADHD diet first.

我們希望家長首先嘗試這樣的營養藥物像是ATTEND和 Extress，以及我們的 ADHD飲食。